Coking retort oven



Dec. 15, 1931. J. BECKER COKING RETORT OVEN Filed March 14, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. 15, 1931 UNITED' STATES PATENT; OFFICE JOSEPH BECKEB, OF PITTSB UBGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE KOPPEBS COM- PANY, OF PITTSBURGII, PENNSYLVANIA, .A. CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA COKING RETOBT OVEN Application filed. Earch 14, 1921. Serial No. 452,236.

This invention comprehends improvements of especial utility in the coking retort oven art. The invention has for an object to utilize the gas oven principle in a cross-regenerative coking retort oven having a double series of horizontal fiame flues in each heating wall, thereby providing a double horzontal-flued cross-regenerative oven, in which the heat for coking the charges of coal in the retorts or coking chambers may be developed from the combustion of an extraneously derived. special generator gas, such as producer gas, with the result that the entire product of the relatively richer coke oven gas derived from the carbonization of the coal charged into the retort of the oven is conserved.

In addition to the general objects recited above, the invention has for other objects such other improvements and advantages in Construction and operation as are found to obtain in the structures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this speci cation and showing, for purposes of exemplification, a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a crosswise vertical sectional elevation through a coke oven battery embodying features above specified and equipped with the im rovements of the present invention, the view` being taken longitudinally through a heating wall and through a regenerator, in planes indicated by the line A--A of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a composite vertical sectional elevation taken longitudinally of a coke oven battery, in planes indicated by the lines B-B, 'El- C and D-D of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a similar composite vertical sectional elevation, but illustrating a modified.

form and Construction of the regenerator system.

The same characters of reference designate the same parts in each of the several views of the drawings.

In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the invention is incorporated in a combination coke oven battery, i. e., a battery having provision for being operated either with an extraneously derived special generator gas, such as producer gas, or with the coke oven gas derved from the distllation of the coal in the coking chambers of the battery. For convenience, the present description will be confined to the present illustrated embodiment of the invention in such a combination coke oven battery; the novel features and im'- provements made by the invention are susceptible of other applications, such, for eX- ample, as in ordinary so-called gas ovens employing producer gas as the fuel; henoe, the scope of the invention is not confined to the specific use and specific embodiment herein described as an illustrative example.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, there are illu'strated views of coke oven battery or plant of the by-product type, having features above specified; said oven battery embodies in its Construction on a plurality of crosswise elongated heating walls 11, 11, and a plurality of intermediate crosswise vertical coking chambers 12, 12. The heating walls 11 form the side walls of the respective coking chambers 12, as shown more particularly in Fig. 2, and together with the coking chambers are supported by the heavy supporting walls 13, 13, which extend crosswise of the battery and are located, as shown, below the coking chambers and heating walls. The supporting walls 13 collectively form the main sup ort for the entire superstructure of the oven attery and are themselves thus supported upon a fiat mat or platform which constitutes the sub-foundation on which the entire battery rests.

The coal to be coked is charged into the several coking chambers or ovens through charging holes 14 located in the top 15 of the oven batter and positioned, as shown in Fig. 2, direct y above' the ovens or chambers 12. These charging holes 14 are equipped with the usual removable covers, which are .removed during charging of the individual ovens or coking chambers and are placed in position to close the tops of such coking chambers during the entire coking or distilling operation. The gases of distillation ass from the tops of'the several coking cham ers 12 through gas outlets indicated by dotted lines at 16 in Fig. 1, and thence through ascension pipes (not shown) into the usual gas collectin main, which carries the distillation pro ucts to the by-product recovery apparatus. 4

Heat for coking the charges of coal in the several ovens or chambers 12 is derived from the heating Walls 11, which, as above mentioned, extend crosswise of 'the battery at the sides of the coking chambers. As shown, each heating wall 11 is constituted of two parallel series G and H of horizontal flame or combustion flues 17, the flues of each series extending parallel with the longitudinal aXis of the heating wall and being operatively connected in series at the opposite ends of such heating wall, as shown at 18. All of the flame flues of both series of a heating wall, in accordance with the present embodiment of the invention, operate concurrently as burning flues and combustion is maintained concurrently in the flues of half of the heating walls of the battery, while, at the same time, the flues of the other heating walls are Operating as outflow flues for the waste gases or products of combustion from the burning fiues. v

The crosswise regenerators 19 of the retort oven or battery are located below the aforesaid heating walls 11 and coking chambers 12, and in the present instance eXtend in parallelism between the supporting walls 13. Each regenerator 19 is a chamber containing open brickwork, commonly called Checkerwork, and indicated at 20, with a distributing sole channel 21 underneath such Checkerwork, the channels forming the soles of such A chambers and opening up into the Checkerwork.

The regenerators are heated, in alternation, by the hot combustion products that draw off from the flame or combustion fiues hereinbefore mentioned, and then impart such heat to the medium that-they feed to these flame flues; in the present instance, the regenerators 19 are disposed, taken seriatum longitudinally of the battery, in groups K and L, each said group comprising four re generators and, as shown in Fig. 2, flow is maintained concurrently in the same direction in all the regenerators of each group, but in the opposite direction withyrespect to the regenerators of the adjacent groups. That is to say, the several groups K of regen` erators alternate with the groups L and the flow through the regenerators of the groups K, while in the same direction in all of the regenerators of that group, is in the opposite direction with respect to the flow through the several regenerators of the groups L. Each group K and L of regenerators is, moreover,

further divided into pairs of regenerators G and H'; the said pairs G' and H' being communicably connected with the flame flues of the series G and H of their respective adjacent heating walls, in the manner herein` after described.

Located at the opposite ends of each heating wall are pairs of vertical feed channels 22. The pairs of channels 22 at one end of a heating wall are communicably connected by means of a series of ports 23, with alternate flues of the series G and H, and the pairs of channels 22 at the other end of the heating 'wall are also communicably connected, by

means of a series of ports 24 with the flues of the series G and H that are intermediate the alternate fiues aforesaid. During one reversal period, half of the regenerators of the battery operate as inflow regenerators, whereas the other half of such regenerators operate as outflow regenerators. That is to say, when the several groups K of regenerators are Operating for inflow, the several groups L are Operating for outflow. Each inflow group of regenerators is composed of two gas regenerators for heating the fuel gas and two air regenerators for heating the air which enters the flues to support combustion of the gas. Assurning that the groups K of regenerators are Operating for inflow, each such group comprises two adjacently disposed gas regenerators P, one gas regenerator belonging to the pair G' and the other to the pair H', and two air regenerators A respectively located on the opposite sides of' the two gas regenerators P, one air regenerator belonging to the pair G' and the other regenerator belonging to the pair H'. All of the outflowgroups L of regenerators operate concurrently as waste gas regenerators and are designated by the reference character W, the pair G' comprising two waste gas regenerators W and the pair H' two such waste gas regenerators. The two inside regenerators P, of the groups K and L are respectively communicably connected by ports 25 with the feed channels 22 at the o posite ends of the two series of flues G and l l of an adjacent heating wall and each of the two outside regenerators A are comnunicably connected by means of ports 26, with the bottom flame fiues of the series G and H of the same heating wall that is connected with the inside regenerators P. The outside regenerators A of each group are also communicably connected by ports 27 with the ducts 25 that connect the inside regenerators P with the feed channels 22, thereby permitting a portion of the air from the air regenerators to pass along with the fuel gas into the feed channels 22 of both series of flame flues G and H of each burning heating wall. With this Construction the flame fiues of each series of each heating wall are communicably connected with a pair of adjacent separate relCS generators, which, when Operating for inflow, respectively feed fuel gas and air into the flues. On reversal, all of the regenerators that are communicably connected with the flame flues of a single heating wall operate concurrently to receive and convey to the stuck the` waste gases from the outflow operating flues.

The reversal in operation of the flame flues in the several heating walls of the battery takes place longitudinally of the battery, and is eflected at the end of an Operating period determined by practice, by means of any preferred type of reversing mechanism. The function of such reversal is as follows: The regenerators that prior to the reversal operate as inflow regenerators become outflow regenerators, and the outflow Operating regenerators become inflow Operating regenerators; the burning series of flues switches function with the outflow Operating series of flues; and the supply of gas is turned off from the previously burning flues and turned on into the mains of the previously outflow operating flues.

As shown, the top flame flues 17 of two adjacent series of flues H andG of two adjacent heating walls are .communicably connected by means of a passageway 28, which opens up preferably into the end portions of the respective connected flues 17, as shown in Fig. 1. Thus the entire flow from a heating wall, within the two series of flues of which combustion is being maintained, passes into and through the two adjacent series of flues ot the two adj acent heating walls that are respectively located on the opposite sides of the burning two series of flues. From the out- How Operating series of flues the waste-'gases pass to the outflow Operating regenerators that are connected with such flues.

. Extending from the opposite side walls of the battery and leading into the feed channels 22 of both series of flues G and H are gas supply channels 29. These gas supply channels register with the ports 23 and 24 at the opposite ends of both series of flame flues, and are for the purpose of supplying coke oven gas to the several flame flues of each heating wall. i

The supply of coke oven gas to the respective ports 29 is derived from coke oven gas.

mains of the usual type which are respectively located on the opposite sides of the battery. suitable means is provided for ad: mitting or cutting off the supply of gas with respect to the channels 29, it being understood that the gas supply may be turned on concurrently into the several channels which feed the burning flues and turned off concurrently from those channels which lead to the outflow Operating flues.

For Operating the battery alternatively' with the use of a special generator gas, such as producer gas, the several inflow Operating regenerators P may be optionally connected with a producer gas mam, so that the producer gas may be directed into' such of the regenerators as are Operating for inflow and comveyed through these regenerators into burning flame flues 17 of the groups G and H. The operation of the retort oven or battery when using a special generator gas, such as ordinary producer gas, is as follows: The supply of coke oven gas to the coke oven gas main, andto all of the coke oven gas channels 29, is cut ofi`. A supply of producer gas is permitted to flow into the inflow operatin gas regenerators P, and passin through sai regenerators is preheated be ore being delivered into the burning flame flues. During the inflow of producer gas through such regenerators P, waste gas from the downburning flues is fiowing out through all of the regenerators W. In the regenerators A, inflow of air is maintained and, passing upwardly through said regenerators, finally enters the burning flame flues to supply the combustion of the producer gas that is delivered thereto by the regenerators P. On reversal of the flow, the inflow gas and air regenerators become outflow regenerators, and concurrently the outflow Operating waste gas regenerators become inflow gas and air regenerators.

In Operating the battery with coke oven gas, the supply of producer gas to the regenerators P is shut ofl and air is permitted to flow into such regenerators in place of the producer gas. During coke 'oven gas operation, the supply of coke oven gas is maintained in the channels 29 which feed the burning flues. The reversing mechanism is operated at' each reversal to place all of the inflow Operating air regenerators in communication with the outer air and concurrently all of the outflow Operating regenerators in communication with the exhaust.

Figl 3, a single inside regenerator P is substituted for the two inside regenerators P of the several groups K and L. These single regenerators P' are double the capacity of the regenerators A, and are each respectively connected by means of ducts 25 with both series of flues G and H of their respective adj acent heating walls. Otherwise the construction of the form of the invention illustrated in Fig. 3 is the sameas that hereinbefore described;

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form of Construction, but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

1. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively constituted of two series of horizontal combustion flues, the horizontal flues of each series being communicably connected respectively with series of horizontal flues of ad acent heating walls, and reversible crosswise-extending regenerators beneath and parallel with the coking chambers and the heating walls, such regenerators being directly communicably connected in pairs with the combustion flues of a single heating wall, the respective regenerators of each pair being operable during the nflow period to convey to the said flues air and an extraneously derived gas, such as producer gas; substantially as specified.

2. In a coking retort oven, in-combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and re spectvely constituted of two series of horzontal combustion flues communicably connected with the horizontal flues of adjacent heating walls, and reversible crosswise-extending regenerators beneath and parallel with the coking chambers and the heating walls, such regenerators being directly communicably connected in pairs with the combustion flues of a single heating wall; substantially as specified. g

3. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively constituted of two series of horizontal combustion flues, combined with inflow and outflow crosswse regenerators beneath the coking chambers and heating walls and grouped into pairs which are respectively communicably connected with a series of the combustion flues of the heating walls, the regenerators of the inflow pairs being jointly operable for conveving air to the flues or separately operable or conveying to the said flues air or an extraneously derived gas, and means for supplying, at will, to said flues an alternate fuel gas, such as coke oven gas; substantiallv as specified.

4. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers, heating walls conti ous to such coking chambers and respectvely constituted of two series of horizontal combustion flues, combined with inflow and outflow regenerators beneath the coking chambers and heating walls and grouped in pairs which are respectively communicably connected'with the fluid heating walls, the regenerators of the inflow pairs bein jointly operable for conveying air to the ines or separately operable for conveying to the said flues air or an extraneously derived gas, and means for supplying, at will, to said flues an alternative fuel gas, such as coke oven gas, substantially as specified.

5. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively constituted of two series of horizontal combustion flues combined withinflow and outflow crosswise regenerators beneath the coking chambers and heating walls and grouped in pairs which are respectively communicabl connected each with a series of combustion ues of the heatin wall, the generators of the inflow pairs ing separately operable for conveying to the said flues air and an extraneously derved gas, such as producer gas; substantially as specified.

6. In a coking retort oven, in combination:

a pluralty of cokng chambers, heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectvely constituted of two series of horizontal combustion flues, each series being communicably connected with a series of another heating wall, combined with inflow and outflow crosswise regenerators grouped in pairs which are respectively communicably connected each with a series of combustion flues; substantially as specified.

7. A coke oven provided with coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively constituted of two series of horizontal combustion flues, and fuel gas and air crosswise regenerators arranged below and directly communicating each with a series of such combustion flues; substantially as specified.

8. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers, heating walls alternating with said chambers, each heating wall constituted of two series of horizontal combustion flues, means for communicably connecting one of said series with a series in the wall on the'opposite side of one adjacent coking chamber for the normal passing of gases therebetween, means for communicably connecting the other of said series with a series in the wall on the opposite side of the other adjacent coking chamber for the normal passing of gases therebetween, and means for supplyng said flues with combustible gases and for removing waste gases therefrom; substantially as specified.

9. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers, heating walls alternatin with said chambers, each heating wall consttuted of two series of combustion flues,means for communicably connecting one of said series with a series in the wall on the opposite side of one adjacent coking chamber for the normal passing of gases therebetween, means for communicably connecting the other of said series with a series in the wall on the opposite side of the other adjacent coking chamber for the normal passing of gases therebetween, and means for supplying said flues with combustible gases and for removing Xaie gases therefrom; substantially as speci- 10. In a coking retort oven, in combination a plurality of coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to such coln'ng chambers and respectively constituted of two series of combustion flues, means for communicably connecting one series of a given heating wall with a series of another heating wall for the nornal passing of gases therebetween and means for supplying said flues with combustible gases and for removing waste gases therefrom; substantially as specified.

11. In a cokng retort oven, in combinetion: a pluralty of coking chambers; flued heating walls alternating with said chambers, means for communcably connectng the flues of each heating wall With the flues of the adw jacent heating walls on its opposte sides for the normal passing of gases therebetween, and

means for supplying said fiues With combustible gases and for removing waste gases therefrom; substantially as specified.

w 12. In a coking retort oven, in eombnation a plurality of coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to such cokng chambers and respectively constituted of two series of combustion flues disposed respectively adjacent g the opposte sdes of said Walls, means for communicably connecting each series with another series for the normal passing of gases from one to the other, and means for supplying said flues With combustible gases and for 25 removing Waste gases therefrom.

J OSEPH BECKER. 

